E2B

The @beachside/e2b package runs Beachside sandboxes on E2B through the pinned e2b@2.51.0 client. Install it with npm install beachside @beachside/e2b; it is a supported provider. Use Node 20+ or Bun.

import { Beachside } from "beachside";
import { e2b } from "@beachside/e2b";

const client = await Beachside.connect(
  e2b({ apiKey: process.env.E2B_API_KEY!, lifecycle: { lifetimeSeconds: 600 } }),
);

try {
  const box = await client.sandboxes.create();
  try {
    await box.exec(["/bin/sh", "-c", "printf ready"]);
    await box.renew();
  } finally {
    await box.destroy();
  }
} finally {
  await client.close();
}

Set E2B_API_KEY on the server. E2B_API_ID is not required and is not a team ID. Without teamId, connect verifies the key with an authenticated read and scopes everything to that key, so rotating the key changes the scope. With teamId, it verifies the team instead, and you can rotate keys within that team without losing access to saved references.

Setup

Setting	Default	Notes
apiKey	required	E2B API key.
teamId	none	Verified team scope. Needed to rotate keys and still reopen saved sandboxes and snapshots.
templateId	base	E2B’s public base template, or an owned template ID or name. Names must be untagged or use :default; other tags and public aliases are unsupported.
network	blocked	blocked or internet, mapped to E2B’s internet-access setting. Deprecated alias: networkPolicy (set one, not both). See network and previews.
lifecycle.lifetimeSeconds	900	Initial lifetime and default renew() window, up to 86,400 seconds; values under 60 become 60. E2B kills the sandbox when it expires. create({ lifecycle }) can override it per sandbox. Deprecated alias: timeoutSeconds (set one, not both).
lifecycle.suspension	none	{ preserve: Preserve.FILESYSTEM } pauses and resumes from disk only, so resume always cold-boots. Default Preserve.FILESYSTEM_AND_MEMORY keeps memory and processes.
snapshots	none	{ preserve: Preserve.FILESYSTEM } captures disk only and restores with fresh processes. Default Preserve.FILESYSTEM_AND_MEMORY captures memory too.
preview.access	public	public opens the sandbox to inbound traffic. protected keeps it closed, and preview() then rejects UNSUPPORTED.
resources	none	Minimum { vcpus, memoryMiB }. OCI images are built at that size; a prepared template must already meet it, so base is rejected.

create({ env }) sets E2B’s sandbox environment, which applies to every command and process, including after reopening; per-call env overrides a name. Values are not saved in recovery references and are redacted from E2B error text. labels are stored as E2B metadata; Beachside’s reserved keys reject INVALID_ARGUMENT. A per-call environment (image) overrides templateId for that call, and an invalid or unavailable override never falls back to base. region and mounts reject UNSUPPORTED.

What works

Feature	Support	Live tested
Sandbox lifecycle	Create, inspect and destroy.	Yes
Reconnect later	get(reference) reopens the same sandbox without waking or extending it.	Yes
Lifetime renewal	renew() resets the deadline, 60 to 86,400 seconds.	Yes
Pause and resume	Memory pause keeps files, memory and processes; sockets drop.	Yes
Commands	argv and Bash scripts, cwd, env, binary output up to 1 MiB per stream.	Yes
Streaming and terminals	processes.start() text and byte streams, incremental input, SIGTERM/SIGKILL, PTYs and resize.	Yes
Command input	Finite stdin up to 1 MiB, staged as a file under /tmp.	No
Files	Binary read, overwrite and no-clobber writes; byte streams for large files.	Yes
Directories	List, stat, mkdir, remove, copy, move, walk and text lines.	Yes
HTTP previews	Public URLs only.	Yes
Images	Owned templates and OCI builds; get, list and delete templates.	No
Network controls	blocked or internet; blocking is not reliable.	Failed
Snapshots	Filesystem, memory and process capture; restore into new compute; inspect and delete.	Yes
Volumes and mounts	Volume create, inspect, list and delete (E2B private beta). Mounts not supported.	No
Listing sandboxes and images	Sandboxes created by this Beachside scope; all team templates.	No

Live results cover the tested image, region and network setting; see Provider support.

Network and previews

network: "blocked" sets E2B’s internet access off. Do not rely on it for isolation: in the live test a blocked sandbox resolved no hostnames but could still open a direct IPv4 TCP connection (to 1.1.1.1:443). Restored snapshots keep the same weakness. See select a network policy.

Previews are public by default. A public sandbox accepts inbound traffic from the moment it is created or restored, before you call preview(), and anyone with the URL https://<port>-<sandbox-id>.e2b.app can reach that port. preview() requires running compute with auto-resume off. With preview.access: "protected", sandboxes are created closed to inbound traffic, but the adapter cannot fetch E2B’s access token, so preview() rejects instead of falling back to public. Denial of inbound traffic in protected mode has not been live-tested. See public access with E2B.

Commands and files

Shell scripts run under Bash. Exec’s deadlineSeconds defaults to 300 and sets E2B’s RPC timeouts: it limits how long Beachside waits, not how long the command runs, so a command can continue after the deadline. An abort signal also stops only local waiting. Neither kills the process nor changes the sandbox lifetime; see execution and waiting timeouts. Process termination does not guarantee that child processes stop.

Files were live-tested in /home/user on base; an overwrite directly in the sticky /tmp directory failed, so check other paths and custom templates yourself. Buffered reads and writes default to 1 MiB and accept maxBytes up to 16 MiB; use byte streams for larger files. Your template needs:

• GNU ln -T and hard-link support for no-clobber writes.
• Linux and Python 3 for directory listing, stat and race-safe removal. The adapter installs nothing.
• Linux libc renameat2 for no-clobber moves.
• envd 0.5.7 or newer for streamed uploads, and 0.5.2 or newer for incremental process input.

See files and output.

Lifetime, pause and snapshots

Renewal, pause and resume need running compute that Beachside created with kill-on-timeout and auto-resume off. If that policy is missing or was changed outside Beachside, they reject UNAVAILABLE. renew() sets a new deadline from now; it is not additive and can shorten a longer one. E2B enforces lower plan limits itself (Hobby allows one hour). Reopening never applies the connection’s lifetime unless you call renew().

suspend() uses E2B’s memory pause, or a filesystem-only pause with lifecycle.suspension: { preserve: Preserve.FILESYSTEM }. Paused sandboxes are kept indefinitely, so destroy them explicitly. resume() restarts the clock with the current connection’s configured lifetime. get(), inspect(), exec and files never resume a paused sandbox. Sandboxes with E2B volume mounts cannot be suspended (UNSUPPORTED). Suspending an already paused sandbox or resuming a running one rejects CONFLICT. See suspend and resume.

snapshot() uses E2B’s native capture and needs envd 0.5.0 or newer. By default it captures memory: it briefly pauses the source, which drops active connections, then resumes it. Configure snapshots: { preserve: Preserve.FILESYSTEM } for a filesystem-only capture; restored sandboxes then boot fresh. A call requirement that differs from the configured depth rejects before anything changes. Restore uses the exact captured build, never a newer default build. Each snapshot lives in its own E2B template; deleting it removes that template after checking that nothing else shares it. See snapshots and volumes.

Destroy each sandbox, then close the client; the native timeout is only a fallback. Snapshot templates and templates built from OCI images survive sandbox destruction and need snapshots.delete() or images.delete(). images.delete() only removes a private template with one build, no other alias, no snapshot and no listed sandbox using it; anything else rejects CONFLICT before E2B is called.

Limits

• network: "blocked" did not stop direct IPv4 connections in the live test.
• Previews are public only; protected mode cannot return a preview.
• No region selection and no Beachside volume mounts. Live volume creation was refused (HTTP 403) for the tested account.
• sandboxes.list() returns only sandboxes this binding created, so a page can hold fewer items than limit. Paused sandboxes list as suspended. Image listings cover all team templates with unknown ownership.
• Saved references hold no credentials. Reopen with the same template and the same key, or the same teamId.
• A refused create maps HTTP 400 to INVALID_ARGUMENT, 401 to UNAUTHENTICATED, 403 to FORBIDDEN, 404 to NOT_FOUND and 429 (including the concurrent sandbox limit) to RATE_LIMIT; nothing was created. Server errors, lost responses and refusals after an OCI build (the template remains) are OUTCOME_UNKNOWN; see recovery.

See E2B sandbox lifecycle, persistence, snapshots, volumes and the compiled suspend/resume example.